Salvia is the largest genus of plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, with nearly 1000 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. The name Salvia derives from the Latin salvere (“to feel well and healthy, health, heal”), the verb related to salus (health, well-being, prosperity or salvation); referring to the herb’s healing medicinal properties. Pliny the Elder was the first author known to describe a plant called “Salvia” by the Romans, likely describing the type species for the genus Salvia, Salvia officinalis. The common modern English name sage derives from Middle English sawge, which was borrowed from Old French sauge, and like the botanical name, stems from Latin salvere. When used without modifiers, the name ‘sage’ generally refers to Salvia officinalis (“common sage” or “culinary sage”); however, it is used with modifiers to refer to any member of the genus. The ornamental species are commonly referred to by their genus name Salvia.

Salvia coccinea, commonly known as Texas sage, scarlet sage, tropical sage, or blood sage, is an attractive flowering plant. Its specific name, coccinea, means “scarlet-dyed” in Latin, referring to its flowers. They are tubular, bright red, about 3.2 cm long and pollinated by hummingbirds and butterflies. In the garden, the species is considered frost-tender and usually grown as an annual. In frost-free climates, flowers may be produced as early as August and continue through June. In other areas, flowering begins as days lengthen and continue until first frost in autumn. While considered frost tender, light freezes will merely kill foliage; it takes a freeze of -6°C to kill it roots and all. Plants grow best with plenty of sun and rich, well-drained soils. Salvia coccinea will attract birds and butterflies to the garden.