Erythrophleum is a genus of legume in the Fabaceae family. A partial list of species includes Erythrophleum africanum, Erythrophleum chlorostachys, Erythrophleum fordii, Erythrophleum guineense, Erythrophleum judiciale and Erythrophleum suaveolens.

Erythrophleum africanum, the African Blackwood, is a legume species in the genus Erythrophleum found in Savannahs of tropical Africa. It produces a gum similar to gum arabic. The larvae of Charaxes phaeus, the demon emperor, and of Charaxes fulgurata, the lightning charaxes, feed on E. africanum. This plant is toxic to herbivores. Phytochemical constituents detected in the leaves aqueous extracts are saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoid glycosides, free flavonoids and alkaloids. In Africa, the stem of the plant is used as a toothpick for oral hygiene because of the richness of the plant in flavonoids and anthocyanidins. The plant also yields dihydromyricetin.